Experimental investigation of carotid artery haemodynamics in an anatomically realistic model

Fluid mechanic forces play a key role in the early development and progression of cardiovascular diseases, which predominantly occurs in areas of disturbed flow and low wall shear stress (WSS). In the present study, we perform particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements in an anatomically realistic transparent flow phantom of a human carotid artery. Steady blood flow conditions are simulated and a novel interfacial PIV technique (iPIV) is introduced to measure WSS with increased spatial resolution and accuracy compared to conventional methods. The branching of the carotid artery introduces significant secondary flow motion with flow separation and reversal only occurring in the external carotid artery. Wall shear stress is measured along the inner and outer vessel walls and is on average higher in the internal carotid and lower in the external carotid artery. Furthermore, results are compared to those in a geometrical idealised model and with previously published WSS data.